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April 11, 1868 - Miklós Horthy

Hungary's regent for nearly a quarter century, Horthy presided over a state that institutionalized antisemitism throughout the interwar years and aligned with Nazi Germany during World War II, a partnership that ultimately facilitated the deportation of hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz in 1944. His authority rested on a carefully maintained conservatism that suppressed political extremes while tolerating and codifying discrimination at the state level. The regime he built made Hungary a willing participant in some of the war's most concentrated mass murder, even as Horthy himself later sought to negotiate a separate peace.

From Wikipedia

Miklós Horthy

Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman who was the regent of the Kingdom of Hungary during the interwar period and most of World War II, from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944.

Horthy began his career as a sub-lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Navy in 1896 and attained the rank of rear admiral by 1918. He participated in the Battle of the Strait of Otranto and ascended to the position of commander-in-chief of the Navy in the final year of World War I. Following mutinies, Emperor-King Charles I and IV appointed him a vice admiral and commander of the Fleet, dismissing the previous admiral. During the revolutions and interventions in Hungary from Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, Horthy returned to Budapest with the National Army. Subsequently, the Diet of Hungary offered him the position of Regent of Hungary, while the House of Habsburg and Hungarian monarchy was formally dethroned.

Throughout the interwar period, Horthy led an administration characterized by national conservatism and antisemitism. Under his leadership, Hungary banned the Hungarian Communist Party and the far-right Arrow Cross Party led by Ferenc Szálasi, and pursued a revanchist foreign policy in response to the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. The former King of Hungary, Charles IV, attempted to return to Hungary twice before the Hungarian government yielded to Allied threats of renewed hostilities in 1921.

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