April 26, 1894 - Rudolf Hess
As Deputy Führer through the 1930s, Hess occupied one of the highest positions in the Nazi state during the years of its most consequential consolidation of power — signing legislation including the Nuremberg Laws and lending institutional authority to the regime's expanding apparatus. His dramatic 1941 solo flight to Scotland, intended as a private peace mission, removed him from the Nazi hierarchy for the remainder of the war and left his motivations the subject of historical debate for decades. Convicted of crimes against peace at Nuremberg, he served a life sentence at Spandau Prison until his death in 1987, the prison's last and, for many years, sole inmate.
From Wikipedia
Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician, convicted war criminal, and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Germany. Appointed Deputy to the Führer (Stellvertreter des Führers) in 1933, Hess held that position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate the United Kingdom's exit from the Second World War. He was taken prisoner and eventually convicted of crimes against peace. He was still serving his life sentence and 93 years old at the time of his suicide in 1987.
Hess enlisted as an infantryman in the Imperial German Army at the outbreak of World War I. He was wounded several times during the war and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd Class, in 1915. Shortly before the war ended, he enrolled to train as an aviator, but he saw no action in that role. He left the armed forces in December 1918 with the rank of Leutnant der Reserve. In 1919, he enrolled at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), where he studied geopolitics under Karl Haushofer, a proponent of the concept of Lebensraum ('living space'), which became one of the pillars of Nazi ideology.
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