April 29, 1901 - Emperor Hirohito

His reign encompassed Japan's imperial expansion across Asia, the atrocities committed by Japanese forces during World War II, and the use of biological and chemical weapons — making the scope of harm carried out under his authority among the most consequential of the twentieth century. The precise nature of his personal involvement in wartime decision-making has been a subject of sustained historical debate, shaped in part by postwar decisions to preserve the imperial institution. He was ultimately shielded from prosecution at the Tokyo Trials, a political calculation that allowed him to reign for another four decades.

From Wikipedia

Emperor Shōwa (born Hirohito; 29 April 1901 – 7 January 1989) was the 124th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 1926 until his death in 1989. He remains the longest-reigning emperor in Japanese history and one of the longest-reigning monarchs in the world. As emperor during the Shōwa era, Hirohito presided over the rise of Japanese militarism, the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Asia-Pacific theater of World War II, and the nation's postwar economic miracle.

Hirohito was born during the reign of his paternal grandfather, Emperor Meiji, as the first child of Crown Prince Yoshihito and Crown Princess Sadako (later Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei). When Emperor Meiji died in 1912, Hirohito's father ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne, and Hirohito was proclaimed Crown Prince of Japan in 1916, making him the heir apparent. In 1921, he made an official visit to six European countries, marking the first time a Japanese crown prince had traveled abroad. Due to his father's ill health, Hirohito became Sesshō of Japan (regent) that same year. In 1924, he married Princess Nagako Kuni, with whom he later had seven children: Shigeko, Sachiko, Kazuko, Atsuko, Akihito, Masahito and Takako.

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