May 27, 1923 - Henry Kissinger
Few figures in twentieth-century American foreign policy accumulated both the accolades and the accusations that followed Kissinger across decades in office. His tenure at the National Security Council and State Department coincided with secret bombing campaigns in Cambodia, support for coups against elected governments, and a prolonged war whose end he helped negotiate after years of escalation. The same pragmatic framework that earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973 was, for many historians and survivors of those policies, inseparable from decisions that produced mass civilian casualties and the destabilization of entire regions.
From Wikipedia
Henry Alfred Kissinger (May 27, 1923 – November 29, 2023) was an American diplomat, political scientist, and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 7th national security advisor from 1969 to 1975 and as the 56th United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977, serving under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
Born in Germany, Kissinger emigrated to the United States in 1938 as a Jewish refugee fleeing Nazi persecution. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he attended Harvard University, where he excelled academically. He later became a professor of government at the university and earned an international reputation as an expert on nuclear weapons and foreign policy. He acted as a consultant to government agencies, think tanks, and the presidential campaigns of Nelson Rockefeller and Nixon before being appointed as national security advisor and later secretary of state by President Nixon.
An advocate of a pragmatic approach to geopolitics known as Realpolitik, Kissinger pioneered the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrated an opening of relations with China, engaged in "shuttle diplomacy" in the Middle East to end the Yom Kippur War, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, which ended American involvement in the Vietnam War. For his role in negotiating the accords, he was awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize, which sparked controversy.
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